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wiki:participatory_planning_and_gis [2017/12/19 13:09] – apoldermanwiki:participatory_planning_and_gis [2017/12/19 14:57] – apolderman
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 ===== Participatory Planning and GIS =====  ===== Participatory Planning and GIS ===== 
- 
-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 
  
 According to the [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conference-ministers-spatial-planning/home|Council of Europe Conference of Ministers Responsible For Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT)]] "Spatial planning is the main instrument for:  According to the [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conference-ministers-spatial-planning/home|Council of Europe Conference of Ministers Responsible For Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT)]] "Spatial planning is the main instrument for: 
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   * urban and rural development, including natural and cultural heritage and other aspects;   * urban and rural development, including natural and cultural heritage and other aspects;
   * [[:wiki:natural_resource_management|management of natural resources]] and marine space;   * [[:wiki:natural_resource_management|management of natural resources]] and marine space;
-  * conflicting objectives (e.g. energy production and transmission, housing, traffic, leisure and tourism, biodiversity, protection from natural hazards etc" ((https://rm.coe.int/16802f13d5)). +  * conflicting objectives (e.g. energy production and transmission, housing, traffic, leisure and tourism, biodiversity, protection from natural hazards etc" (CEMAT,2012)((https://rm.coe.int/16802f13d5)). 
  
 A participatory approach to spatial planning, thus including multiple actors such as civil society  in the planning process, is essential since spatial planning affects whole communities.   A participatory approach to spatial planning, thus including multiple actors such as civil society  in the planning process, is essential since spatial planning affects whole communities.  
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   * Raising the citizens’ awareness and responsibility for their local community   * Raising the citizens’ awareness and responsibility for their local community
   * Providing training and experience in participatory democracy   * Providing training and experience in participatory democracy
-  * Generating policies and measures that the citizens themselves request ((https://rm.coe.int/16802f13d5)) ((https://saeguide.worldbank.org/participatory-planning-management-decision-making))+  * Generating policies and measures that the citizens themselves request (CEMAT 2012)((https://rm.coe.int/16802f13d5)), (World Bank) ((https://saeguide.worldbank.org/participatory-planning-management-decision-making, retrieved 17.12.2107))
  
 === Challenges of Participatory Spatial Planning === === Challenges of Participatory Spatial Planning ===
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 === Participatory Planning and GIS === === Participatory Planning and GIS ===
-The field of spatial planning has become more and more intertwined with [[:wiki:gis|Geographic Information Systems (GIS)]]. GIS tools can be used to analyse and visualise the outcomes of spatial planning decisions and are useful to model different spatial planning scenarios ((eh, AG-O. 1999. “Urban planning and GIS”. In Geographical Information Systems, Edited by: Longley, PA, Goodchild, MF and Maguire, DJ. pp 877–88. New York, NY, , USA: John Wiley & Sons.)). GIS can strenghten the participatory planning process through the involvement of (local) stakeholders in the use and/or production of [[wiki:spatial_data|geographical information]]; so called 'Participatory GIS' applications (PGIS) (( M.K. Mccall, C.E. Dunn. 2012. Geo-information tools for participatory spatial planning: fulfilling the criteria for ‘good' governance? Geoforum, 43, pp. 81-94)). According to Dunn (2007): "A Participatory GIS celebrates the multiplicity of geographical realities rather than the disembodied, objective and technical ‘solutions’ which have tended to characterize many conventional GIS applications" ((C.E. Dunn.2007. Participatory GIS: a people’s GIS? Progress in Human Geography, 31, pp. 616-637)). PGIS gives legitimacy to local or 'non-official' geographical information and empowers local communities in decision making processes. The internet has increased the opportunities and accessibility of PGIS (Web.2.0).  +The field of spatial planning has become more and more intertwined with [[:wiki:gis|Geographic Information Systems (GIS)]]. GIS tools can be used to analyse and visualise the outcomes of spatial planning decisions and are useful to model different spatial planning scenarios ((eh, AG-O. 1999. “Urban planning and GIS”. In Geographical Information Systems, Edited by: Longley, PA, Goodchild, MF and Maguire, DJ. pp 877–88. New York, NY, , USA: John Wiley & Sons.)). GIS can strenghten the participatory planning process through the involvement of (local) stakeholders in the use and/or production of [[wiki:spatial_data|geographical information]]; so called 'Participatory GIS' applications (PGIS) (( M.K. Mccall, C.E. Dunn. 2012. Geo-information tools for participatory spatial planning: fulfilling the criteria for ‘good' governance? Geoforum, 43, pp. 81-94)). According to Dunn (2007): "A Participatory GIS celebrates the multiplicity of geographical realities rather than the disembodied, objective and technical ‘solutions’ which have tended to characterize many conventional GIS applications" ((C.E. Dunn.2007. Participatory GIS: a people’s GIS? Progress in Human Geography, 31, pp. 616-637)). PGIS gives legitimacy to local or 'non-official' geographical information and empowers local communities in decision making processes. The internet has increased the opportunities and accessibility of PGIS ([[:wiki:web_2.0_tools|Web.2.0]]).  
  
 === PGIS and Ecosystem Services === === PGIS and Ecosystem Services ===
 +GIS in general is an important tool in the mapping and assessment of [[:wiki:ecosystemservices|ecosystem services]]. GIS can be used to visualise spatial and temporal patterns and changes in ecosystem services ((Nemec, K.T. & Raudsepp-Hearne, C. Biodivers Conserv (2013) 22: 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0406-z)). It can model the provision of ecosystem services as a result of land use changes, natural resource management changes, or climate changes and thus is an important tool in decision-making process in general and spatial planning processes in particular. Participatory approaches to the mapping and assessment of ecosystem services have been undertaken, especially with regard to the identification of ecosystem serves. [[:wiki:cultural_services|Cultural ecosystem services]] are the easiest to be identified with PGIS and regulatory and provisioning ecosystem services have proved more challenging ((G. Brown, J.M. Montag, and K.Lyon. 2012. Public Participation GIS: A Method for Identifying Ecosystem Services. Society & Natural Resources, 25(7) )).
 +
  
 === AlpES Project === === AlpES Project ===
-[[:wiki:alpesbackground|AlpES project]] +In the [[:wiki:alpesbackground|AlpES project]] stakeholders have an important role in shaping the project activities and results. In stakeholder involvement rounds, stakeholders are asked for their feedback on intermediate projects results, which is then used to further the project activities. The AlpES-WebGIS that is being developed in the work package [[:wiki:wp_t3|"WebGIS and WIKIAlps"]] is, besides the input given by stakeholders on the functionalities of the WebGIS, participatory in the sense that the WebGIS in theory can be accessed by a limitless number of people ((C.E. Dunn.2007. Participatory GIS: a people’s GIS? Progress in Human Geography, 31, pp. 616-637)). 
  
  
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-=== Additional Sources === +=== Additional Resources === 
-http://www.participatorymethods.org/method/participatory-geographical-information-systems-pgis+  * http://www.participatorymethods.org/method/participatory-geographical-information-systems-pgis 
 +  * http://www.alpes-webgis.eu
  
 === References === === References ===
  
wiki/participatory_planning_and_gis.txt · Last modified: 2017/12/19 15:06 by apolderman