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wiki:surfacewaterfiltration [2018/04/09 16:41] – euracwiki:surfacewaterfiltration [2018/07/11 14:37] (current) – sebastian
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 Surface waters, in the form of rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands, are inextricably linked with human activities. Throughout human history, such waters have been used to carry away our pollutants (Carpenter et al 1998) . Surface waters not only export pollutants easily and swiftly away from local communities, but they also act to absorb and filter these substances. This absorption and filtration process is a regulating [[:wiki:ecosystemservices|ecosystem service]], which is commonly referred to as the filtration of surface water. Surface waters, in the form of rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands, are inextricably linked with human activities. Throughout human history, such waters have been used to carry away our pollutants (Carpenter et al 1998) . Surface waters not only export pollutants easily and swiftly away from local communities, but they also act to absorb and filter these substances. This absorption and filtration process is a regulating [[:wiki:ecosystemservices|ecosystem service]], which is commonly referred to as the filtration of surface water.
  
-{{  http://www.wikialps.eu//lib/plugins/ckgedit/fckeditor/userfiles/image/wiki/alpes_es/005_sm.jpg?nolink&  }}+{{  :wiki:005_sm.jpg?nolink&800x537  }}
  
 Filtration is aided by both biotic and abiotic factors. The main processors of pollutants are biotic, including bacteria, plankton, plant life, detritivores, and more, that capture, process, and mineralize pollutants, organic matter, or excess nutrients (Maes et al 2011).((Carpenter, Stephen R., et al. "Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen." Ecological applications 8.3 (1998): 559-568.))  Abiotic factors, such as geologic features can aid in filtration by providing prolonged residence time of the water, allowing greater time for biotic processing (Maes et al 2011).((Maes, Joachim et al 2011. A spatial assessment of ecosystem services in Europe: methods, case studies and policy analysis - phase 1. PEER Report No 3. Ispra: Partnership for European Environmental Research.)) Filtration is aided by both biotic and abiotic factors. The main processors of pollutants are biotic, including bacteria, plankton, plant life, detritivores, and more, that capture, process, and mineralize pollutants, organic matter, or excess nutrients (Maes et al 2011).((Carpenter, Stephen R., et al. "Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen." Ecological applications 8.3 (1998): 559-568.))  Abiotic factors, such as geologic features can aid in filtration by providing prolonged residence time of the water, allowing greater time for biotic processing (Maes et al 2011).((Maes, Joachim et al 2011. A spatial assessment of ecosystem services in Europe: methods, case studies and policy analysis - phase 1. PEER Report No 3. Ispra: Partnership for European Environmental Research.))
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 For the purposes of the [[:wiki:alpes|AlpES Project]], this ecosystem service is defined as "Filtration of Surface Water by Ecosystem Types". Within AlpES the outcomes of the InVEST NDR model (Nutrient Delivery Ratio) have been used to assess the nitrogen loads and the filtration capacities by different ecosystems. This model follows a mass balance approach, describing the movement of the mass of nutrient through space. Unlike more sophisticated nutrient models, NDR does not represent the details of the nutrient cycle but rather represents the long-term, steady-state flow of nutrients through empirical relationships. For the purposes of the [[:wiki:alpes|AlpES Project]], this ecosystem service is defined as "Filtration of Surface Water by Ecosystem Types". Within AlpES the outcomes of the InVEST NDR model (Nutrient Delivery Ratio) have been used to assess the nitrogen loads and the filtration capacities by different ecosystems. This model follows a mass balance approach, describing the movement of the mass of nutrient through space. Unlike more sophisticated nutrient models, NDR does not represent the details of the nutrient cycle but rather represents the long-term, steady-state flow of nutrients through empirical relationships.
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 +The provision dynamics of the ES [[:wiki:filtration_of_surface_water_by_ecosystem_types|filtration of surface water by ecosystem types in the Alps ]]were assessed by means of the following supply, demand and flow indicators:
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 +  * Supply: [[:wiki:nitrogen_removals|Potential nitrogen removals]] (kg ha<sup>-1 </sup>   y<sup>-1</sup>   )
 +  * Flow: [[:wiki:nitrogen_removal_2|Nitrogen removals]] (kg ha<sup>-1 </sup>   y<sup>-1</sup>   )
 +  * Demand: [[:wiki:nitrogen_loads|Nitrogen loads]] (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>   y<sup>-1</sup>   )
  
 === AlpES WebGIS Link === === AlpES WebGIS Link ===
wiki/surfacewaterfiltration.1523284861.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/04/09 16:41 by eurac