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====== Outdoor recreation activities- Flow ======

==== General description: ====

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>To map recreation flow, we used metadata linked to photographs appearing on social media. These datasets are crowd-sourced (online photo-sharing website Flickr<sup>1</sup>) and have been shown to be reliable proxies for visiting frequencies and correlate with official visitation rates. Date and time, Username and location of the picture are stored in the metadata. With this information, we can map the density of pictures taken at a specific location, which approximates visitation rates. This procedure was developed by Schirpke et al. (2017)<sup>2</sup>.</font>

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Input Data**</font>

  * <font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Picture metadata<sup>3 </sup></font>

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**__Calculation processes:__**</font>

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**(1) Define user days**</font>

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>In a first step, the dataset needs to be downloaded over an API – an application programming interface, where the metadata is freely accessible and can be downloaded. To estimate visitation rates, we first defined so-called ‘user-days’ i.e., the number of users who took at least one picture per day in each location. We defined a location by a radius of 1.5 km that refers to the near zone of a specific location and deleted multiple pictures by the same user and taken the same day, resulting in 1,089,663 pictures.</font>

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**(2) Calculate mean visitation rates**</font>

<font 14px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Then, we calculated mean visitation rates per year and season by calculating the point density of all photographs using a moving window with a search radius of 1.5 km for the respective period. Finally, the recreation flow maps were rescaled from 0 (low) to 100 (high) to overlay them with the recreation supply and demand.</font>

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<sup>1</sup>  [[https://www.flickr.com/|https://www.flickr.com/]]

<sup>2 </sup> <font 12px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Schirpke, U., Meisch, C., Marsoner, T., Tappeiner, U., 2017. Revealing spatial and temporal patterns of outdoor recreation in the European Alps and their surroundings. Ecosystem Services, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.11.017.</font>

<sup>3</sup> <font 12px/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Metadata of all geo-tagged public photographs within the boundaries of the study area, uploaded until December 2016, were retrieved by Flickr’s public Application Programming Interface (API). We stored the location of the picture, its identification number, the date that it was taken, and the photographer's identification number</font>.