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--- wiki:biomass_production_from_grasslands_biomass_production_from_grassland_in_the_alps_in_the_alps [2018/07/11 11:12] – eurac
+++ wiki:biomass_production_from_grasslands_biomass_production_from_grassland_in_the_alps_in_the_alps [2020/11/27 11:25] (current) – katharinalapin
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==== Supply ====
-**{{:en:biomass_production_from_grassland_supply.jpg?nolink&499x353}}**
+**{{:en:biomass_production_from_grassland_supply.jpg?nolink&499x353|biomass_production_from_grassland_supply.jpg}}**
 [[http://www.alpes-webgis.eu/?X=1034392.00&Y=5825000.00&zoom=6&lang=it&focus=focus_alpes&bgLayer=alpes.osm.stamentoner.60002&layers_opacity=1,0.7&layers=alpes.alpinespace.40001.wms,alpes.essi.10002|View this map in the AlpES webGIS]]
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ==== Flow ====
-{{:en:biomass_production_from_grassland_flow.jpg?nolink&500x354}}
+{{:en:biomass_production_from_grassland_flow.jpg?nolink&500x354|biomass_production_from_grassland_flow.jpg}}
+[[http://www.alpes-webgis.eu/?X=952104.80&Y=5922790.13&zoom=6&lang=it&focus=focus_alpes&bgLayer=alpes.osm.stamentoner.60002&layers=alpes.alpinespace.40001.wms,alpes.essi.10003&catalogNodes=101000000,101000001&layers_opacity=1,0.7|View this map in the AlpES webGIS]]
 The consumed amount of grassland biomass depends on three factors: (1) the supply of grassland from the ecosystem, (2) the usage intensity, i.e. the cutting frequency of the pastures and (3) the loss of material during the harvesting and storage processes. The flow indicator is calculated as an energy measure, which takes into account the forage quality of the consumed biomass and its relative total energy content. Differences in the terrain, nutrient availability and use of fertilizers, also affect both the productivity of extensive grasslands and the quality of the end product. The pattern of this map resembles the previous supply indicator map in that the highest flow rates are observed in Germany, whereas the lowest values appear again in the Italian and Swiss plains. Since this indicator is a measure of the used fraction of the local yield, the highsimilarity of the two maps should not come as a surprise.
@@ Line 27: / Line 29: @@
 ==== Demand ====
-{{:en:biomass_production_from_grassland_demand.jpg?nolink&500x353}}
+{{:en:biomass_production_from_grassland_demand.jpg?nolink&500x353|biomass_production_from_grassland_demand.jpg}}
-As most cultivation types are difficult to maintain in the rough Alpine environment, with its steep terrain and harsh climate, farmers have instead focused on the production
+[[http://www.alpes-webgis.eu/?X=1034392.00&Y=5825000.00&zoom=6&lang=it&focus=focus_alpes&bgLayer=alpes.osm.stamentoner.60002&layers_opacity=1,0.7&layers=alpes.alpinespace.40001.wms,alpes.essi.10001|View this map in the AlpES webGIS]]
-of animal-derived products like milk, cheese and meat. Dairy and beef cows have therefore become common in the Alpine landscape, along with equine species, sheep and goats. The demand for grassland-derived forage varies greatly with the composition of the herd and the age and gender of the animals. The energetic costs required by animals for milk production were also included in the calculations, based on the average amount of milk produced per municipality. Nowadays, such energetic requirements are largely satisfied with the consumption of additional fodder and nutritional supplements, as local grassland farming alone is often insufficient. The resulting map shows that the largest demand is located in the northern foothills of the Alps and in the Po valley, where great numbers of cattle are present. In these areas, the high demand for fodder is satisfied through multiple sources: concentrated feed, biomass from local grasslands and imported biomass, transported from other production zones. The steepness and ruggedness of the central mountains preclude the management of large herds of animals.
+As most cultivation types are difficult to maintain in the rough Alpine environment, with its steep terrain and harsh climate, farmers have instead focused on the production of animal-derived products like milk, cheese and meat. Dairy and beef cows have therefore become common in the Alpine landscape, along with equine species, sheep and goats. The demand for grassland-derived forage varies greatly with the composition of the herd and the age and gender of the animals. The energetic costs required by animals for milk production were also included in the calculations, based on the average amount of milk produced per municipality. Nowadays, such energetic requirements are largely satisfied with the consumption of additional fodder and nutritional supplements, as local grassland farming alone is often insufficient. The resulting map shows that the largest demand is located in the northern foothills of the Alps and in the Po valley, where great numbers of cattle are present. In these areas, the high demand for fodder is satisfied through multiple sources: concentrated feed, biomass from local grasslands and imported biomass, transported from other production zones. The steepness and ruggedness of the central mountains preclude the management of large herds of animals.