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--- wiki:indicators [2017/08/28 12:44] – eurac
+++ wiki:indicators [2017/08/28 12:45] (current) – eurac
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-====== Ecosystem Services Indicators ======
+====== Ecosystem Service Indicators ======
 An **indicator** is an observable value that is representative of a specific phenomenon of concern. Indicators provide a measurable proxy for scientists, managers, and policy- and decision-makers to understand trends in complex ecological processes such as [[:wiki:ecosystemservices|ecosystem services]]. As such, **indicators **are highlighting the links between social and environmental change influencing the capacity of ecosystems to maintain [[:wiki:provisioning_services|provisioning]], [[:wiki:regulating_services|regulating]], and [[:wiki:cultural_services|cultural ]]services. They are usually used for a specific purpose, for example to “provide a policy-maker with information about progress toward a goal” (TEEB 2010)((TEEB (2010). “The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations.” P Kumar (ed.). Earthscan, London)) . In order to provide benefit, practitioners must effectively quantify the link between the indicator and the phenomenon of concern. Spatially-explicit approaches have been widely used to map a multitude of indicators, by merging theory and practice to advance sustainable planning and decision-making. In the analysis and evaluation of complex environmental interactions, [[:wiki:remote_sensing|remote sensing]] plays an important role and is widely used in the [[:wiki:wp_t2?s[]=mapping&s[]=assessment|mapping and assessment]] of [[:wiki:ecosystem_and_ecosystem_services?s[]=ecosystem|ecosystem]] properties and functions. The term “indicator” is most often used in the fields of ecosystem services, ecology, and environmental planning.