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--- wiki:mountain_and_mountain_area [2017/05/09 09:01] – apolderman
+++ wiki:mountain_and_mountain_area [2017/05/16 09:34] (current) – apolderman
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 === Background ===
-Mountains cover about half of the European continent and about a fifth of the European population lives in mountain areas. Various demographic changes takes place in mountain areas, ranging from depopulation and aging of population to population growth due to immigration. Agricultural decline is a trend observed in many mountain areas resulting in a loss of mountain biodiversity (Mitchley et al. 2006). ((Jonathan Mitchley, Martin F. Price, Joseph Tzanopoulos (2006) Integrated futures for Europe’s mountain regions: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods. Journal of Mountain Science 3(4):276-286. DOI:10.1007/s11629-006-0276-5)) Many European countries and EU institutes have long used their own definitions of mountain or mountain area for planning and policy purposes resulting in a variety of definitions. In the last couple of decades, mountain areas as a policy  and research unit have become more popular among policy makers and researchers world-wide (Debarbieux 2015).((
+Mountains cover about half of the European continent and about a fifth of the European population lives in mountain areas. Various demographic changes takes place in mountain areas, ranging from depopulation and aging of population to population growth due to immigration. Agricultural decline is a trend observed in many mountain areas resulting in a loss of mountain biodiversity (Mitchley et al. 2006). ((Jonathan Mitchley, Martin F. Price, Joseph Tzanopoulos 2006. Integrated futures for Europe’s mountain regions: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods. Journal of Mountain Science 3(4):276-286. DOI:10.1007/s11629-006-0276-5)) Many European countries and EU institutes have long used their own definitions of mountain or mountain area for planning and policy purposes resulting in a variety of definitions. In the last couple of decades, mountain areas as a policy  and research unit have become more popular among policy makers and researchers world-wide (Debarbieux 2015).((
 Debarbieux, B. , M. F. Price & J. Balsiger 2015. The Institutionalization of Mountain Regions in Europe.
 //Regional Studies// 49 (7): 1193-1207.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.812784 Retrieved at 6.04.2016)). This has also translated into mountain area specific development plans at the EU level requiring a uniform definition of mountain and mountain areas. The UNEP–WCMC global delineation was chosen as the basis for a European delineation. The UNEP–WCMC global delineation, however, was not deemed to be fully suitable for the European situation. Therefore, to include more areas with a mountainous character, the UNEP-WCMC criteria have been refined in commission of EU by the Nordic Centre for Spatial Development (Nordregio). The aim was to also include low lying mountain regions that descend to sea level such as areas in the British Isles, Scandinavia, Greece and the Iberian Peninsula. The UNEP-WCMC categories have been adapted to the European situation and additional criteria have been added (Price et al. 2004) ((