Agriculture has been recognized for its major role as a multi-functional activity (production of traditional cultural land-scapes, preservation of biodiversity, impact on economic structure, as well as on local society and culture) → public funds have been developed specifically for mountain areas to promote the competitiveness of mountain farming in each Alpine country → however, reliance on public spending is not a long-term solution → a more market-oriented ap-proach should be developed → PES (Payment for Environ-mental Services) schemes, which have been adopted throughout the Alps, → spatial development might use these positive examples of value creation to develop more structures according to this model.

* Greenalps

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